時間元組(struct_time) : 這是一個由九個數值組裝起來的時間類型。如下表所示
位置 參數 意義 範圍
0 tm_year 西元年 四位數
1 tm_mon 月份 1~12
2 tm_day 日期 1~31
3 tm_hour 小時 0~23
4 tm_min 分鐘 0~59
5 tm_sec 秒數 0~59
6 tm_wday 星期 0~6
7 tm_yday 今年第幾天 1~366
8 tm_isdst 夏令時間 0 or 1 or -1
夏令時間的解釋依照各國的規定不一定一樣，這裡只做數字的解釋
- 0 : 不使用夏令時間
- 1 : 使用夏令時間
- -1 : 不確定
時間格式
- %a - abbreviated weekday name
- %A - full weekday name
- %b - abbreviated month name
- %B - full month name
- %c - preferred date and time representation
- %C - century number (the year divided by 100, range 00 to 99)
- %d - day of the month (01 to 31)
- %D - same as %m/%d/%y
- %e - day of the month (1 to 31)
- %g - like %G, but without the century
- %G - 4-digit year corresponding to the ISO week number (see %V).
- %h - same as %b
- %H - hour, using a 24-hour clock (00 to 23)
- %I - hour, using a 12-hour clock (01 to 12)
- %j - day of the year (001 to 366)
- %m - month (01 to 12)
- %M - minute
- %n - newline character
- %p - either am or pm according to the given time value
- %r - time in a.m. and p.m. notation
- %R - time in 24 hour notation
- %S - second
- %t - tab character
- %T - current time, equal to %H:%M:%S
- %u - weekday as a number (1 to 7), Monday=1. Warning: In Sun Solaris Sunday=1
- %U - week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week
- %V - The ISO 8601 week number of the current year (01 to 53), where week 1 is the first week that has at least 4 days in the current year, and with Monday as the first day of the week
- %W - week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week
- %w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday=0
- %x - preferred date representation without the time
- %X - preferred time representation without the date
- %y - year without a century (range 00 to 99)
- %Y - year including the century
- %Z or %z - time zone or name or abbreviation
- %% - a literal % character
時間格式(字串)改成時間戳
當資料室字串的時候，無法直接使用字串來做運算或比較，最快也做方便的方式就是直接轉成時間戳，讓大家都變成一個數值，再作分析。
Example
import time
timeString = "2020-09-09 19:00:00" # 時間格式為字串
struct_time = time.strptime(timeString, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # 轉成時間元組
time_stamp = int(time.mktime(struct_time)) # 轉成時間戳
print(time_stamp)
output
1599678000
時間格式(字串)更改
時間格式的更改一定要透過時間元組的幫忙，先將原本的字串轉成時間元組，在將時間元組轉成新的字串。
Example
import time # 引入time
timeString = "2020-09-09 19:00:00" # 輸入原始字串
struct_time = time.strptime(timeString, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # 轉成時間元組
new_timeString = time.strftime("%Y %b %d %I:%M:%S %p", struct_time)
print(new_timeString)
output
'2020 Sep 09 07:00:00 PM'
取得現在時間
取得後可經由轉換成想要的字串，作為其他的用途。
Example
import time
nowTime = int(time.time()) # 取得現在時間
struct_time = time.localtime(nowTime) # 轉換成時間元組
timeString = time.strftime("%Y %m %d %I:%M:%S %P", struct_time) # 將時間元組轉換成想要的字串
print(timeString)
output
2020 09 09 12:05:24 pm
1.獲勝到天堂時間前一個天堂，後一個天堂（注意時間at s s的單邊，此一般時間re轉換為正式的時間戳時間，不注意重用％f毫秒）
def testfunc():
today = date.today()
print today,type(today)
yesterday = date.today() + timedelta(days=-1)
print yesterday,type(yesterday)
yesterday = (date.today() + timedelta(days=-1)).strftime("%Y.%m.%d")
print yesterday
a = time.time()
print a
ltime = time.localtime(a)
print "ltime",ltime
gtime = time.gmtime(a)
print gtime
time_string = time.strftime('%Y.%m.%d.%H.%M.%S', ltime)
gtime_string = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', time.gmtime(time.time()))
print time_string
print "gtime_string",gtime_string,type(gtime_string)
date_str = "2018/11/13 17:32"
print "start:", date_str
timeArray = time.strptime(date_str, "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M")
timeStamp = int(time.mktime(timeArray))
timeStampPlusOneday = timeStamp + +86400
# print timeStampPlusOneday
timeArray = time.localtime(timeStampPlusOneday)
otherStyleTime = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M", timeArray)
print "other:", otherStyleTime
print "test"
yesterday = date.today() + timedelta(days=-1)
yesterday = yesterday.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")
print yesterday
print yesterday + " 00:00:00"
print "uesd:",time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(time.time()))
2.在某個特定時間點內的判斷
def getNonWorkTime():
# 范围时间
a_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(datetime.datetime.now().date()) + '2:00', '%Y-%m-%d%H:%M')
b_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(datetime.datetime.now().date()) + '5:00', '%Y-%m-%d%H:%M')
c_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(datetime.datetime.now().date()) + '7:00', '%Y-%m-%d%H:%M')
d_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(datetime.datetime.now().date()) + '13:00', '%Y-%m-%d%H:%M')
print a_time,b_time,c_time,d_time
# 当前时间
n_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print "now:",n_time
# 判断当前时间是否在范围时间内
if b_time> n_time > a_time or d_time> n_time > c_time:
print "not work"
else:
print "work"
3.預先存在時間為一分鐘，預先存在時間為一小時間
def oneMinStr():
start = time.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(time.time()))
print "start:", start,type(start)
timeArray = time.strptime(start, "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
timeStamp = int(time.mktime(timeArray))
timeStampPlusOneday = timeStamp + -60
# print timeStampPlusOneday
timeArray = time.localtime(timeStampPlusOneday)
endtime = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
print "other:", endtime,endtime.split()[1]
s = "(" + endtime + "-" + start.split()[1] + ")"
print s
def addOneHour():
#date_str = "2018/11/13 17:32"
date_str = "2019-02-21T16:00:00.000000Z"
print "start:", date_str
timeArray = time.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ")
timeStamp = int(time.mktime(timeArray))
timeStampPlusOneday = timeStamp + +3600
# print timeStampPlusOneday
#timeStamp = 1381419600
dateArray = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timeStampPlusOneday)
otherStyleTime = dateArray.strftime("%Y--%m--%d %H:%M:%S")
print otherStyleTime # 2013--10--10 15:40:00
timeArray = time.localtime(timeStampPlusOneday)
otherStyleTime = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M", timeArray)
print "other:", otherStyleTime
minTime = "2019-02-21T16:00:00.000000Z"
maxTime = "2019-02-28T16:00:00.000000Z"
gt = "2019-02-21T16:00:00.000000Z"
lt = "2019-02-21T18:00:00.000000Z"
print "initial time:", gt
gtArray = time.strptime(gt, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ")
#时间戳与字符类型互转
timeStamp = int(time.mktime(gtArray))
timeStampPlusOneHour = timeStamp + +3600
print timeStampPlusOneHour
timeArray = time.localtime(timeStampPlusOneHour)
otherStyleTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", timeArray)
print "addOH", otherStyleTime
REF
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